constellation

Lyra

거문고자리
Vega · The Lyre
Summer · rises in the east at dawn in May

Lyra, glowing with Vega. It is the pole star of 12,000 years hence, the lyre of Orpheus, and the Weaver Maid of the Qixi legend.

Vega
Star pattern · J2000.0
✧ See Lyra in the sky →

Science

The science

Vega (the Weaver Star) is the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, and in about 12,000 years the precession of Earth's axis will make it the pole star. In 1983 a disk of dust was first detected around Vega through infrared observation, making it a historic star that directly showed us "a planetary system in the making."

Mythology

How it became a constellation

This is the story of the poet Orpheus, who received the lyre from Apollo, god of music. His music is said to have moved even rocks and beasts to tears. When his beloved wife Eurydice died from a snakebite, Orpheus descended to the underworld and, with his song, softened the heart of Hades; but he could not keep the promise "not to look back," and lost his wife forever. In East Asia, Vega is the Weaver Maid, who meets the Cowherd (Altair) but once a year, on the festival of Qixi.

Observing Guide

how to observe

🔭 How to find it

On a summer evening, in the sky rising from the east to the zenith, look for the strikingly blue-white zeroth-magnitude star Vega; just below it, a small parallelogram is Lyra. Vega forms one vertex of the "Summer Triangle" together with Deneb in Cygnus and Altair in Aquila, so this triangle makes it easy to find. The fifth-brightest star in the night sky, Vega stands out even in the city.

What to look for

Between the two lower stars of the parallelogram (Sheliak and Sulafat) lies the "Ring Nebula" (M57), a classic planetary nebula in which gas cast off by a dying star appears like a doughnut; even a small telescope shows it as a tiny, distinct ring. Near Vega, "Epsilon Lyrae" is famous as the "Double-double" — two stars to the naked eye, each of which splits again into two through a telescope.

📍 Where to see it (US · Canada · UK · Australia)

Vega and Lyra are circumpolar or nearly so from Canada and the UK (declination +38°), staying above the horizon all night, and from the US they climb almost to the zenith on summer evenings (July–September), making Lyra a fixture of the northern summer sky from spring into late autumn. From Australia, Vega appears low in the northern sky and the little parallelogram of Lyra sits low on winter evenings, never rising far above the horizon.

Stars

Main stars (J2000.0 equatorial)
VegaRA 18.62h · Dec 38.8° · m0.0
SheliakRA 18.83h · Dec 33.4° · m3.5
SulafatRA 18.98h · Dec 32.7° · m3.2
DeltaRA 18.91h · Dec 36.9° · m4.3
ZetaRA 18.75h · Dec 37.6° · m3.5
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